What it means
まま describes a condition that stays unchanged. It can mean “as it is,” “while still in the same state,” or “without doing something first.” With a noun, it describes remaining in that identity or condition. With a verb in the past form, it describes doing something while leaving the result or state unchanged. With a verb in the negative form, it means doing something without having done the verb.
Usage note
With a noun, まま normally requires の before it. The polite counterpart does not change まま itself; politeness is shown by the rest of the sentence, such as だ changing to です or た changing to ました.
How to use it
彼は学生のままです。
He is still a student.
窓を開けたまま、父は寝てしまいました。
Father fell asleep with the window left open.
私は朝ご飯を食べないまま、学校へ行きました。
I went to school without eating breakfast.
彼は学生のままだ。
He is still a student.
窓を開けたまま、父は寝てしまった。
Father fell asleep with the window left open.
私は朝ご飯を食べないまま、学校へ行った。
I went to school without eating breakfast.
Example sentences
父は眼鏡をかけたまま、昼寝をしています。
My father is taking a nap while still wearing his glasses.
窓を開けたまま、学校へ出かけました。
I left for school with the window left open.
朝ご飯を食べないまま、病院へ行きました。
I went to the hospital without eating breakfast.
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