What it means
一体 is an adverb used with an interrogative to express strong curiosity, surprise, frustration, or disbelief. It is often translated as “what on earth” or “what the heck.” It usually appears before words such as どうして, なぜ, 何, or どこ, and it makes the question much more emphatic than a neutral question.
Usage note
一体 can also mean “as a whole” or “one body” in other contexts, but the emphatic interrogative meaning normally appears with a question word. It can sound dramatic or confrontational, so use it carefully when speaking to someone in a formal or sensitive situation.
How to use it
一体どうして彼は来なかったのですか。
Why on earth did he not come?
一体どうして彼は来なかったのだ。
Why on earth did he not come?
