N1 Vocabulary

gap, break, rift

earnest, sincere, acute, keen, fervent

incision, operation, section

publication, issue

penalty, sentence, punishment

(criminal) punishment, penalty, sentence

first edition

something heard for the first time, hearing something for the first time

seal, stamp, monogram signature

judgement, judgment, decision, ruling, finding, adjudication, verdict, call

judicial decision, judgement, judgment, sentence, decree

interest (on a deposit, loan, etc.)

interest

intelligence, cleverness, innate aptitude

profit, returns

system, organization, organisation, imperial command, laws, regulation, control, government, suppression, restraint, holding back, establishment

to hold back (e.g. emotions), to rein in (e.g. a horse, unruly people), to bridle

enactment, establishment, creation

limitation, restriction, condition, constraints

sanctions, punishment