N1 Vocabulary

interference, intervention, meddling

flat, even, level

normal, usual, ordinary, everyday

square (e.g. metre)

parallelism, running parallel (to, with)

name of an imperial era (e.g. Heisei, Shōwa), Japanese era name

nth-year student, nth-year pupil

annual tree ring, growth ring

yearbook, almanac, annual

senior, older

approximate age, apparent age

(tree) trunk, (arrow) shaft, (tool) handle, backbone, base

main line, trunk line

management, (executive) staff, leaders, leadership, top brass, upper echelons

ghost, specter, spectre, apparition, phantom

many, numerous

government office, agency, board

to spread, to be propagated

courage, bravery, nerve

coordinate, coordinates